mirror of
https://github.com/How-To-Build-a-Commons/HowToBuildACommonsWorkbooks.git
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Adding formatting, more to the howto section, more to property, rewording for clarity
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7 changed files with 77 additions and 29 deletions
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.github/workflows/main.yml
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.github/workflows/main.yml
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- name: Replace version in LaTeX file
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- name: Replace version in LaTeX file
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run: sed -i 's/VERSIONNUMBER/${{ github.ref_name }}/g' ScopeSequencing.tex
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run: sed -i 's/VERSIONNUMBER/${{ github.ref_name }}/g' ScopeSequencing.tex
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- name: Replace version in LaTeX file
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run: sed -i 's/VERSIONNUMBER/${{ github.ref_name }}/g' read.tex
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- name: Generate PDF
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- name: Generate PDF
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run: pdflatex -jobname=HowToBuildACommons-${{ github.ref_name }} ScopeSequencing.tex
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run: pdflatex -jobname=HowToBuildACommons-${{ github.ref_name }} ScopeSequencing.tex
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\geometry{
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\geometry{
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paperwidth=5.5in,
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paperwidth=5.5in,
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paperheight=8.5in,
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paperheight=8.5in,
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top=0.25in,
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left=0.25in,
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right=0.2in,
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footskip=20pt % Reserve space for footer
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footskip=10pt % Reserve space for footer
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}
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}
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\usepackage{qrcode}
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\usepackage{qrcode}
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\newlist{todolist}{itemize}{2}
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\newlist{todolist}{itemize}{2}
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\usepackage{atbegshi}
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\usepackage{atbegshi}
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\AtBeginShipout{\AddCornerImage}
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\AtBeginShipout{\AddCornerImage}
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\usepackage{amssymb} % in preamble
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% Define a convenient command (optional but handy)
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\newcommand{\checkbox}{$\square$}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{document}
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\fontsize{8}{9}\selectfont
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\fontsize{8}{9}\selectfont
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\section{What is a Common}
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\section{What is a Common?}
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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41
how.tex
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how.tex
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\section{HOW-TO Build A Common}
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\section{HOW-TO Build A Common}
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Lets imagine we would actually like to put these ideas into practice.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item The first task is to gather together a group of your community to discuss what to organize. Using the stated principals in this pamphlet is an easy way to begin discussion. A group can change any and all frameworks laid out here. The important part is to agree on principals of decision making and intent as the starting point. Everything starts by talking to the people around you.
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\item \checkbox\ The first task is to gather together a group of folks you know to discuss if you would like to start a new community.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ Discuss which of the reasons for building a community are most important. Your community can include one or more reasons from the "Why Build a Community?" section.
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\item \checkbox\ Discuss and agree on a decision making process. Understand that this decision making process is intended to be used to make the rest of the decisions moving forward.
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\item \checkbox\ This document has some suggestions, but of course you can choose to change any and all of the frameworks laid out here. Everything starts by talking to the people around you.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item Define a piece of the physical world with clearly defined boundaries. A clearly defined boundary will be some piece or pieces of the physical world that can be assigned as property by the legal system in which you reside. The group that is gathering can use the consensus process to determine what piece of the physical world they wish to manage. If it is a purchase of a property to manage, discuss the monthly input committed by each member, and compare that to the available real estate and financing terms. A trust is a legal structure that can be used with a charter of assigned property and access rights to bridge cooperative decision making internally with the legal structure external to the cooperative.
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\item \checkbox\ Define a piece of the physical world with clearly defined boundaries. A clearly defined boundary will be some piece or pieces of the physical world that can be assigned as property by the legal system in which you reside.The group that is gathering can use the consensus process to determine what piece of the physical world they wish to manage.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Establish problem solving strategies and conflict resolution forums. This can simply be that you agree to call a consensus meeting whenever there is a commons related decision that needs to be made. Ostrums book contains many different forms of problem solving systems if you need more examples.
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\item \checkbox\ Take inventory of what resources the community might already have and be willing to pool together. This could be pooling cars into a driving pool, converting an existing private property over to a commons, or pooling cash and time commitments towards the new commons needs.
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\item \checkbox\ If it is a purchase of a property to manage, discuss the monthly input committed by each member, and compare that to the available real estate and financing terms. A trust is a legal structure that can be used with a charter of assigned property and access rights to bridge cooperative decision making internally with the legal structure external to the cooperative.
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\item \checkbox\ If the resource to be managed is digital or time based then the time commitments and digital tooling infrastructure can be agreed upon to start.
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\item \checkbox\ Define the contours of the boundaries for personal property and commons space.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ Establish problem solving strategies and conflict resolution forums.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ This can simply be that you agree to call a consensus meeting whenever there is a commons related decision that needs to be made.
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\item \checkbox\ Ostrums book contains many different forms of problem solving systems if you need more examples.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ Define resource allocation, who gets what and when, as well as how and when those allocations change.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ Define what resources are available in terms relative to availability.
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\item \checkbox\ Define what each person gets as a changeable share of the total.
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\item \checkbox\ Define clearly how the resource allocation changes, how often it can change, and how the change in share is decided.
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\item \checkbox\ Define what resources are allocated for personal property (For consumption), and which are allocated for usufruct only (For use and must be returned in good condition). For a shared resource define the time and spacial bounds of any temporary rights of exclusion.
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\item \checkbox\ Define what rights of transfer exist. Can a member sublet a commons space without going through the resource allocation process or not. How will inheritance of rights function?
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\item \checkbox\ Define what happens if allocation rules are violated and how conflicts are resolved when they arise. Define what is necessary for removal from the common.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ Decide on a wind-down strategy for the whole commons and for individuals.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \checkbox\ If the common becomes insolvent, or support is withdrawn, how will the break-up of assets take place.
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\item \checkbox\ If a member wishes to leave, what are they entitled to, if anything, upon leaving.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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own.tex
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own.tex
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{\section{What We Owe to Each Other}}
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{\section{What Do We Owe to Each Other?}}
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While it is a nice idea that we all would simply start trusting each other and immediately support each other, it is unrealistic to imagine it would spontaneously occur. Here is a mechanism for boot-strapping such a system in a world where people are familiar with money exchange.
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While it is a nice idea that we all would simply start trusting each other and immediately support each other, it is unrealistic to imagine it would spontaneously occur. Here is a mechanism for boot-strapping such a system in a world where people are familiar with money exchange.
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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{\centering \textbf{Maker Checks}\par}
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{\centering \textbf{Maker Checks}\par}
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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A modern version of the village exchange loops would be the idea of Maker Checks. A way of ensuring the value of a check is the known products of the maker. The specialty of the maker can be specified in the notes, acting as a value-backing for the check. The back side has lines for signing over to whom the check is personally owed. When the check is passed, the name is signed on the back. A check can continue to circulate as a medium of exchange until it expires or it is redeemed by the signatory. The exchange rate of the individuals involved is determined when they compare their personal labor time against the time equivalence on the face value on the check.
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A modern version of the village exchange loops would be the idea of Maker Checks. A way of ensuring the value of a check is the known products of the maker. The specialty of the maker can be specified in the notes, acting as a value-backing for the check. The back side has lines for signing over to whom the check is personally owed. When the check is passed, the name is signed on the back. A check can continue to circulate as a medium of exchange until it expires or it is redeemed by the signatory. The exchange rate of the individuals involved is determined when they compare their personal labor time against the time equivalence on the face value on the check.
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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Anyone has the ability to create credit, so long as they have the trust of their community. Exchange can be facilitated by communities trusting one another. By passing the promise around, a whole community of exchange can be facilitated. The basis for all exchange is to realize that we are always in each others debt, and that personalized debt is what creates society itself.
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Anyone has the ability to create credit, so long as they have the trust of their community. Exchange can be facilitated by communities trusting one another. By passing the promise around, a whole community of exchange can be facilitated. The basis for all exchange is to realize that we are always in each others debt, and that personalized debt is what creates society itself.
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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These Maker Checks can circulate like a currency. Someone holding one, can exchange it with another person wiling to accept the promise denoted by the check. This could be intended to be used by the individual accepting the check, or it can be intended to be traded on. This maker check can facilitate exchange based on the trust a community has in each other.
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\vspace{0.2cm}
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In the long run these maker checks can be seen as a bootstrapping tool for building trusted exchange networks among neighbors and community members. Once the community has practiced trusting one another, the checks become unnecessary and redundant. The role of Maker Checks is to be a transition from a money based society into a trust based one.
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%This generates the check
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%This generates the check
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property.tex
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property.tex
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\section{What is Property?}
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\section{What is Property?}
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\subsection{ Legal Definitions}
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\subsection{ Legal Definitions}
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This category is referred to as "Private Property" and is a collection of a few distinct rights. These are the rights enforced by and recognized by law.
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This category is referred to as "Private Property" and is a collection of a few distinct rights. These are the rights enforced and recognized by law.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Usufruct} - the right to use and receive the value from a piece of the physical world
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\item \textbf{Usufruct} - the right to use and receive the value from a piece of the physical world. An example would be public parks, we have the right to use them, but not the right to sell or destroy it.
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\item \textbf{Destruction} - the right to destroy a piece of the physical world
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\item \textbf{Destruction} - the right to destroy a piece of the physical world. This can be as simple as eating an apple you own, but also the right to destroy anything defined as personal property. This right is constrained by laws such as historic preservation laws.
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\item \textbf{Exclusion} - the right to exclude others
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\item \textbf{Exclusion} - the right to exclude others. You can demand someone leave private property, and are granted the right to have police use force to compel compliance.
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\item \textbf{Increase (rent)} - the right to receive rents
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\item \textbf{Transfer} - the right to transfer the property right to another individual or entity. This is your right to sell or give away ownership of some personal property.
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\item \textbf{Increase (rent)} - the right to receive economic rents. These can be rent, interest, dividends and capital gains.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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\subsection{Categories in a Commons}
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\subsection{Categories in a Commons}
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Within a Commons, once the external entity has been assigned Private Property rights within the law, then that "bubble" can ascribe the rights according to its own rules. The commons can allocate areas of the pieces of the physical world that it manages (the clearly defined boundaries). The allocations can be for consumed aspects (the increase), it can be to assign use terms (Usufruct), and it can determine to what degree exclusion and destruction are used within the commons.
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Within a Commons, once the external entity has been assigned Private Property rights within the law, then that "bubble" can ascribe the rights according to its own rules. The commons can allocate areas of the pieces of the physical world that it manages (the clearly defined boundaries). The allocations can be for consumed aspects (the increase), it can be to assign use terms (Usufruct). Those who manage a commons determine to what degree exclusion and destruction are used within the commons.
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\subsection{Personal Property} The items or space that is exclusively assigned along the legal definition. These can be either private property that came with someone into the commons, or can be the appropriators allocated share of some bounty.
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\subsection{Personal Property} The items or space that is exclusively assigned along the legal definition. These can be either private property that came with someone into the commons, or can be the appropriators allocated share of some bounty.
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\subsection{Commons Space} This is the piece of the physical world that may have Usufruct allocated to members, or the public. These generally have the right of destruction held within the commons (for repairs and upgrades). The right to exclude is also held by the commons itself to determine if and when people can or will be excluded.
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\subsection{Commons Space} This is the piece of the physical world that may have Usufruct allocated to members, or the public. These generally have the right of destruction held within the commons (for repairs and upgrades). The right to exclude is also held by the commons itself to determine if and when people can or will be excluded.
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\subsection{Public Space} This is space held by the state that assigned property rights. Examples would be the roads, infrastructure and public lands such as parks.
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\subsection{Public Space} This is space held by the state that assigned property rights. Examples would be the roads, infrastructure and public lands such as parks. The public might be granted usufruct rights, but not transfer, destruction, exclusion or increase.
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\section{Why Build a Common?}
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\section{Why Build a Community?}
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From the Yana Ludwig reading:
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\subsection{Spiritual or Religious}
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\subsection{Spiritual or Religious}
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Likely the oldest form of intentional community, these groups are organized to support religious practices or spiritual beliefs while minimizing material suffering. An ancient group of this kind, older than monasteries, are the Epicurean. Modern versions of this type of effort include ashrams, nunneries, and other spiritual communities that defy neat labels.
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Likely the oldest form of intentional community, these groups are organized to support religious practices or spiritual beliefs while minimizing material suffering. An ancient group of this kind, older than monasteries, are the Epicurean. Modern versions of this type of effort include ashrams, nunneries, and other spiritual communities that defy neat labels.
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\subsection{Cultural Preservation}
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\subsection{Cultural Preservation}
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When groups feel as though the world is changing quickly or in a way that doesn't match with their values, they may form a community focused on preserving treasured practices of the past. Amish, Indigenous, and back to the land groups all have in common a focus on promoting traditional skills and knowledge despite different underlying values.
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When groups feel as though the world is changing quickly or in a way that doesn't match with their values, they may form a community focused on preserving treasured practices of the past. Amish, Indigenous, and back to the land groups all have in common a focus on promoting traditional skills and knowledge despite different underlying values.
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\subsection{Social Experimentation}
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\subsection{Social Experimentation}
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Some groups are focused on the evolution of a specific social structure or dynamic. Examples include the Firehouse and Distant Castle, collectively owned music and art spaces in Massachusetts. Other common themes in this category include anti-oppression work, polyamory, or the development of more authentic interpersonal relationships.
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Some groups are focused on the evolution of a specific social structure or dynamic. Examples include the Firehouse and Distant Castle, collectively owned music and art spaces in Massachusetts. Good examples of social experimental communities are anti-oppression mutual aid groups, polyamory groups, or LARPing communities.
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\subsection{Service-based}
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\subsection{Service-based}
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Elements of service are common among intentional communities. Some are organized around the idea of service, while others have programs that serve their broader communities. This can include organizations that work with homeless populations or even organizations that run bulk food purchasing clubs.
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Elements of service are common among intentional communities. Some are organized around the idea of service, while others have programs that serve their broader communities. This can include organizations that work with homeless populations or even organizations that run bulk food purchasing clubs. Good examples of service-based communities are volunteer fire services, the boys and girl scouts, and Rotary Clubs.
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\subsection{Economic Security}
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\subsection{Economic Security}
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In high cost of living areas, communities formed around economic security can be particularly effective at allowing creative and other groups to remain in place as costs rise. Communities can use tools such as income pooling, cost splitting, or cooperatively run business ventures to support economic access.
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In high cost of living areas, communities formed around economic security can be particularly effective at allowing creative and other groups to remain in place as costs rise. Communities can use tools such as income pooling, cost splitting, or cooperatively run business ventures to support economic access. These communities are focused on reducing the total cost of housing for participants.
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\subsection{Identity-based Safe Havens}
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\subsection{Identity-based Safe Havens}
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"From war resistance to LGBTQIA+ enclaves to liberatory organizing for Black power, identity-based safe havens are another reason people do community." Identity-based Safe Havens facilitate marginalized communities to organize and normalize their identities within the group. They allow individuals to grow, a place to belong not be set apart.
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"From war resistance to LGBTQIA+ enclaves to liberatory organizing for Black power, identity-based safe havens are another reason people do community." Identity-based Safe Havens offer marginalized communities a place to organize and normalize their identities within the group. They allow individuals to grow, a place to belong not be set apart.
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\subsection{Lifestyle and Comfort Enhancement}
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\subsection{Lifestyle and Comfort Enhancement}
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Having a safe and comfortable neighborhood, improving access to amenities for your family, and using communal mechanisms to improve one's overall quality of life at reduced cost are another set of drivers for communities to form. Many Cohousing organizations in the US fall into this category. An HOA or renter's association could also fit into this category.
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Having a safe and comfortable neighborhood, improving access to amenities for your family, and using communal mechanisms to improve one's overall quality of life at relative to cost are another set of drivers for communities to form. Many co-housing organizations in the US fall into this category. An HOA or renter's association could also fit into this category. These communities are not about overall lower housing costs, but instead about spending more as a group to get more than one could afford on their own.
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\subsection{Ecological Sustainability}
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\subsection{Ecological Sustainability}
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Communities dedicated to ecological sustainability area a relatively recent phenomenon. This type could include anywhere from modern ecovillage groups and range to all those that view humans and the land as being in partnership with one another. This theme is prominent in the Earthship movement that originated in New Mexico.
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Communities dedicated to ecological sustainability area a relatively recent phenomenon. This type could include anywhere from modern ecovillage groups and range to all those that view humans and the land as being in partnership with one another. This theme is prominent in the Earthship movement that originated in New Mexico.
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